Policing Cyberspace on the Internet Essay -- Internet Communication Co

Policing Cyberspace on the Internet The Internet is a method of communication and a source of information that is becoming more popular among those who are interested in, and have the time to surf the information superhighway. The problem with this much information being accessible to this many people is that some of it is deemed inappropriate for minors. The government wants censorship, but a segment of the population does not. Legislative regulation of the Internet would be an appropriate function of the government. The Communications Decency Act is an amendment which prevents the information superhighway from becoming a computer "red light district." On June 14, 1995, by a vote of 84-16, the United States Senate passed the amendment. It is now being brought through the House of Representatives.1 The Internet is owned and operated by the government, which gives them the obligation to restrict the materials available through it. Though it appears to have sprung up overnight, the inspiration of free-spirited hackers, it in fact was born in Defense Department Cold War projects of the 1950s.2 The United States Government owns the Internet and has the responsibility to determine who uses it and how it is used. The government must control what information is accessible from its agencies. This material is not lawfully available through the mail or over the telephone, there is no valid reason these perverts should be allowed unimpeded on the Internet. Since our initiative, the industry has commendably advanced some blocking devices, but they are not a substitute for well-reasoned law.4 Because the Internet has become one of the biggest sources of information in this world, legislative safeguards are imperative. The government gives citizens the privilege of using the Internet, but it has never given them the right to use it. They seem to rationalize that the framers of the constitution planned & plotted at great length to make certain that above all else, the profiteering pornographer, the pervert and the pedophile must be free to practice their pursuits in the presence of children on a taxpayer created and subsidized computer network.3 People like this are the ones in the wrong. Taxpayer's dollars are being spent bringing obscene text and graphics into the homes of people all over the world. The government must take cont... ...Employee Net Postings?" Network World. Dialog Magazine Database, 042574. 20 Feb. 1995, 8. Gibbs, Mark. "Congress 'Crazies' Want To Carve Up Telecom." Network World. Dialog Magazine Database, 039436. 12 Sept. 1994, 37. Horowitz, Mark. "Finding History On The Net." American Heritage. Oct. 1995, 38. Laberis, Bill. "The Price of Freedom." Computerworld. Dialog Magazine Database, 036777. 25 Apr. 1994, 34. Messmer, Ellen. "Fighting for Justice On The New Frontier." Network World. Dialog Magazine Database, 028048. 11 Jan. 1993, S19."Policing Cyberspace." U.S. News & World Report. 23 Jan. 1995, 55-60. Messmer, Ellen. "Sen. Dole Backs New Internet Antiporn Bill." Network World. Dialog Magazine Database, 044829. 12 June 1995, 12. "Shifting Into The Fast Lane." U.S. News & World Report. 23 Jan. 1995, 52-53. Taylor, Bruce A. "Memorandum of Opinion In Support Of The Communications Decency Amendment." National Law Center for Children & Families. 29 June 1995, 1-7. Turner, Bob. The Internet Filter. N.p.: Turner Investigations, Research and Communication, 1995. "WebCrawler Search Results." Webcrawler. With the query words magazines and sex. 13 Sept. 1995. Policing Cyberspace on the Internet Essay -- Internet Communication Co Policing Cyberspace on the Internet The Internet is a method of communication and a source of information that is becoming more popular among those who are interested in, and have the time to surf the information superhighway. The problem with this much information being accessible to this many people is that some of it is deemed inappropriate for minors. The government wants censorship, but a segment of the population does not. Legislative regulation of the Internet would be an appropriate function of the government. The Communications Decency Act is an amendment which prevents the information superhighway from becoming a computer "red light district." On June 14, 1995, by a vote of 84-16, the United States Senate passed the amendment. It is now being brought through the House of Representatives.1 The Internet is owned and operated by the government, which gives them the obligation to restrict the materials available through it. Though it appears to have sprung up overnight, the inspiration of free-spirited hackers, it in fact was born in Defense Department Cold War projects of the 1950s.2 The United States Government owns the Internet and has the responsibility to determine who uses it and how it is used. The government must control what information is accessible from its agencies. This material is not lawfully available through the mail or over the telephone, there is no valid reason these perverts should be allowed unimpeded on the Internet. Since our initiative, the industry has commendably advanced some blocking devices, but they are not a substitute for well-reasoned law.4 Because the Internet has become one of the biggest sources of information in this world, legislative safeguards are imperative. The government gives citizens the privilege of using the Internet, but it has never given them the right to use it. They seem to rationalize that the framers of the constitution planned & plotted at great length to make certain that above all else, the profiteering pornographer, the pervert and the pedophile must be free to practice their pursuits in the presence of children on a taxpayer created and subsidized computer network.3 People like this are the ones in the wrong. Taxpayer's dollars are being spent bringing obscene text and graphics into the homes of people all over the world. The government must take cont... ...Employee Net Postings?" Network World. Dialog Magazine Database, 042574. 20 Feb. 1995, 8. Gibbs, Mark. "Congress 'Crazies' Want To Carve Up Telecom." Network World. Dialog Magazine Database, 039436. 12 Sept. 1994, 37. Horowitz, Mark. "Finding History On The Net." American Heritage. Oct. 1995, 38. Laberis, Bill. "The Price of Freedom." Computerworld. Dialog Magazine Database, 036777. 25 Apr. 1994, 34. Messmer, Ellen. "Fighting for Justice On The New Frontier." Network World. Dialog Magazine Database, 028048. 11 Jan. 1993, S19."Policing Cyberspace." U.S. News & World Report. 23 Jan. 1995, 55-60. Messmer, Ellen. "Sen. Dole Backs New Internet Antiporn Bill." Network World. Dialog Magazine Database, 044829. 12 June 1995, 12. "Shifting Into The Fast Lane." U.S. News & World Report. 23 Jan. 1995, 52-53. Taylor, Bruce A. "Memorandum of Opinion In Support Of The Communications Decency Amendment." National Law Center for Children & Families. 29 June 1995, 1-7. Turner, Bob. The Internet Filter. N.p.: Turner Investigations, Research and Communication, 1995. "WebCrawler Search Results." Webcrawler. With the query words magazines and sex. 13 Sept. 1995.

Advertising Uses Essay

Advertising: Information tool, manipulation tool, or Beyond? The impact of advertising in our society is a fiercely debated topic, and has been ever since its conception in its most basic form. Advertisers make their ads stand out by using humor, ongoing story lines, unexpected dialogue, unusual techniques, attention-getting spokespersons, or simply by repeating the ads so often that people can’t help but remember them. According to the majority advertising is a form of communication that typically attempts to inform or persuade potential customers to purchase or to consume more of a particular brand of product or service. This is not a surprise, advertisements are everywhere. Society is so used to it that they just see it as a tool for letting others know about a product. The majority sees advertisement as an information tool. Unfortunately advertising doesn’t have that purpose anymore. According to Chuck Blore said: â€Å"Advertising is the art of arresting the human intelligence just long enough to get money from it†. Just until the 1800’s advertising was an information tool, then it became a manipulation tool because of mass production during the industrial revolution. Everything stayed the same until the 21st century. This century had changed the whole concept of advertising, now advertising is something beyond information or manipulation. Advertising is a tool to create costumers (yes, create!). Now publicists create needs, preferences, beliefs, points of views, and everything they need to get money without measuring their acts. Advertisers are changing customers’ true desires instead of selling their products to the ones who needs them. Advertisers create needs. Its not true that every time someone sees a Burger King ad he/she is hungry, its just part of the advertiser’s job. They make every ad incredibly appealing so that everyone who sees it believes that he needs a burger right away, or at least something to eat. Haven’t you noticed that those kinds of ads are always close enough to the respective restaurant, and it’s not just in the food business that advertisers create needs? They do it in every opportunity they have, such as apparels, technology, etc. Advertisers create preferences. They build desires and preferences every time they have to present a product that isn’t for everyone. Advertisers show products as unique and incredible. The costumers believe they need them right away. What advertisers do is create an image of a product that will make costumers buy it without thinking it twice; it will create such a huge desire for that product that costumers will feel the need for buying it even though it can be a product that they wouldn’t be interested before the ad. Advertisers create beliefs and points of view. They do everything for achieve their selling goals; they don’t care about the costumer real desires. Advertising is in such a position that it can make costumers change the way they see themselves, the way they see others, and they way they feel about their lives. In this case there are examples such as all the commercials with models that make costumers feel insecure with their bodies (no matter the gender). Also ads that insist with the idea of getting thinner with machines or pills â€Å"without doing exercise† making costumers believe that everything works. Advertisers create perceived difference and make them feel that a particular product is different. Most of the time the difference is simply the audience the company wants to target. Unfortunately one of the biggest consequences of abusive advertisement is that most of the advertisers are targeting kids affecting their way of thinking and all their interests. Kids fourteen and under spend an estimated $20 billion a year and influence purchases by parents, grandparents, and others to the tune of $200 billion a year. As a result, advertisers spend big bucks to reach kids: an estimated $800 million for programs alone. Experts say that children are particularly vulnerable to the persuasive effects of advertising, especially television commercials. â€Å"Kids are the most pure consumers you could have,† says Debra McMahon, a vice-president at Mercer Management Consulting. â€Å"They tend to interpret your ad literally. They are infinitely open.† The child as in-house salesperson is a powerful friend to advertisers. Because of this, some advertisers are very concerned with the society, because a lot of advertisers are just trying to sell the product witho ut limits. They don’t think about the audience that can see their ads. Advertising has become really intense during the past years. They are trying to sell their products or services without a limit, without respecting the costumers. It should be controlled, definitely. Advertising, too, should be held to the truth, as many people take it at face value and ingenuously believe all or most of what is said. That’s why there are associations promoting responsible advertising like the International Advertising Association (IAA) and Advertising Educational Foundation. Also there are advertising ethics that are being discussed, ethics that should be present when an ad comes out for the rest of the world. Advertising should be more socially responsible, because advertising is just one of the most important social influences in a capitalistic economy, like ours. And using media as its vehicle is a pervasive, powerful force shaping attitudes and behavior in today’s world. As the media grows, the number of advertisements increases everyday and it plays a substantial role in people’s life because we are bombarded with thousands of advertising messages daily. The industry should concentrate more on the advertising ethics, and how to satisfy the consumers, instead of manipulating the consumer into buying their product, misinforming, tricking people for their own financial gain and creating negative social impacts. Advertising must be truthful, not misleading, ambiguous, or make wrong factual claims that can get consumers to buy inferior products thinking these products can deliver more. Advertising should be creative, and who says you can’t direct your creative abilities towards projects that aim to do good? Advertising should be responsible, so that it helps to contribute a positive effect on our society and the environment. I do not wish to see advertising eliminated from the contemporary world, because it is an important element in today’s society, especially in the functioning of a market economy, which is becoming more and more widespread. I do wish that the world of advertising change and can be limited to be used as an information tool, not manipulation or â€Å"beyond that†, and hopefully in the future we’ll have the chance to see on magazines, billboards and TVs ethical and responsible ads, because as Chris Moore said once â€Å"Advertisers are in the busi ness of communicating with thousands, even millions, of â€Å"others† all the time. That gives us thousands or millions of chances to practice what we believe every day. And try to get it right†. References Day, Nancy. Advertising: Information or manipulation? Enslow Publisher, 1999. Scivicque, Christine. December de 2007. February de 2011.

Fundamentals of Human Resource Management - 1168 Words

1. Recruitment and selection activities within a high-performance organization include three of the following. Which is not a recruitment and selection activity within a high-performance organization? | A. Finding employees who innovate, share ideas, and take initiative | B. Selection methods that concentrate on identifying technical skills only | C. Selection methods that include group interviews, open-ended questions, and psychological tests | D. Finding employees who are enthusiastic about and able to contribute to teamwork, empowerment, and knowledge sharing | | 2. The economic approach to evaluating the effectiveness of HR practices focuses on | A. determining the dollar value of a program s costs†¦show more content†¦| A. If the charges are investigated and found to have merit, a formal complaint is issued. | B. Complaints may be deferred to an agreed-upon employer-union grievance procedure. | C. Charges must be filed within 12 months of the alleged unfair labor practice. | D. Charges are filed with the NLRB. | | 12. A country that serves as the home for a corporation s headquarters is referred to as the _______ country. | A. first | B. parent | C. third | D. host | | 13. Which of the following is not appropriate using e-HRM? | A. Online testing | B. Online surveys | C. Online grievance redressal | D. Online recruitment | | 14. The Hofstede dimension that deals with the degree to which a culture prefers structured conditions is | A. individualism. | B. uncertainty avoidance. | C. risk aversion. | D. power distance. | | 15. Which of the following is a false statement about the performance management process across national boundaries? | A. While the measures used may vary from country to country, the legal requirements remain the same as those in the United States. | B. Although employees around the world appreciate feedback, U.S. employees are generally much more used to direct feedback than are employees in other countries. | C. The general principles of performance management apply in most countries, but the specific methods that work in oneShow MoreRelatedEssay on MBA detail course outline1314 Words   |  6 Pages(Evening): 1.5 years (Quarters, 3, 4, 7, 8 14) General Management 1st Quarter Effective : Spring Quarter 2011 Human Resource Management Finance Accounting Banking Finance †¢ Organizational Communication †¢ Organizational Communication †¢ Organizational Communication †¢ Organizational Communication †¢ Principles of Management †¢ Principles of Management †¢ Principles of Management †¢ Principles of Management †¢ Research Methods †¢ Research Methods †¢ ResearchRead MoreHR Roles and Responsibilities Paper 997 Words   |  4 Pages Human resource management is described as the policies, practices, and systems that influence employees behavior, attitudes, and performance.(Noe, R., Hollenbeck, J., Gerhert, B., Wright, P. (2003). Fundamentals of human resource management, 1e. McGraw-Hill Companies.) The human resource department is essential to the progress of an organization. When a company is equipped with a good human resource department it will tend to grow and prosper. TheRead MoreGary Dessler Human Resource Management 14th Edition1672 Words   |  7 PagesGary Dessler Human Resource Management 14th Edition.pdf Download Gary Dessler Human Resource Management 14th Edition.PDF Now Gary Dessler Human Resource Management 14th Edition - Are you looking for ebook gary dessler human resource management 14th edition PDF? You will be glad to know that right now gary dessler human resource management 14th edition PDF is available on our online library. With our online resources, you can find gary dessler human resource management 14th edition easily withoutRead MoreHuman Resources : A Fundamental Department Of An Organization913 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resources is a fundamental department of an organisation; this is because it focuses on the management of the personnel within the company. Human resources has been identified as ‘the source of sustainable competitive advantage and success, this is true when human resources management policies and practices are implemented with the main strategies and objectives set by the company itself. Strategic human resources management emphasises the successfulness of combining policies, strategies andRead MoreHuman Resources Management Principles For A Profitable Professional Service Organizations865 Words   |  4 Pagesuse management principles to maximize profitability. The importance of management principles include; â€Å"improves understanding, direction for training of manager, role of management and guide to research in manag ement† (MSG Management Study Guide., 2015). In this paper we will discuss the difference between; human resources management principles compared to operations management principles and project management principles compared to operations management principles. Each of these management principlesRead MoreSustaining Employee Performance1429 Words   |  6 Pagesfunctions of performance management systems, job evaluation methods, compensation plans, and the importance of employee benefit plans. The two job positions discussed in this paper will be the Director of Administration, and Human Resources/recruiter. These positions were selected due to the extreme amount of importance their roles play in completing Riordan Manufacturing’s Mission. General functions of performance management systems The general function of performance management systems in organizationsRead MoreHigh Performance Culture as a Strategy in Human Resource Management945 Words   |  4 PagesQuestion How is Human Resource Management linked to strategy and organizational outcomes? Discuss a model that depicts the links with a brief discussion of each link. For an organization to be successful, it must employ good strategies in the running of its business. Strategies are needed to achieve the company’s objectives and give it a competitive advantage against its competitors. It determines the direction in which the organization is going in relation to its environment andRead MoreThe Changing Role of Hr Management1106 Words   |  5 PagesThe Changing Role of HR Management University of Phoenix Human Resources Management The Changing Role of HR Management For years, businesses relied on personnel departments for the management of their employees. The primary concerns of the personnel departments included attendance records, benefits, and salary. Therefore, the personnel departments did not consider the importance of contributions a company’s employees made to the business. These contributions included such things as diversityRead MorePerformance Management at the University of Ghana982 Words   |  4 PagesPerformance Management at the University of Ghana It is commendable that the Balme Library is seeking to enhance their diverse customer base through several initiatives, including the improvement of their performance management system. Aguinis (2013) has noted the importance of an organization’s mission and goals being tied to the performance management plan. There are two prerequisites that Aguinis (2013) lists before a performance management system can be implemented: knowledge of the strategicRead MoreEssay about The Art of War and Human Resource1709 Words   |  7 Pages27, 2011 The Art of War and Human Resource The field of Human Resource coincides with Sun Tzu’s The Art of War in many approaches. â€Å"The art of war is of vital importance to the State. It is a matter of life and death, a road either to safety or to ruin. Hence it is a subject of inquiry, which can on no account be neglected† (Tzu). This book was based on military strategies but in reality these strategies can be used in all job fields such as the Human Resources. Sun Tzu broke down each chapter

The Theory Of Crime Theory - 1329 Words

Probably the single most influential and certainly the best-known crime theory among all the sociological theories of crime is that of strain theory. Strain theories argue that there are certain socially generated pressures or forces that drive people to commit crimes. More specifically, the classic strain theories argue that people, particularly those of lower class status are pressured into crime when they are prevented from achieving cultural goals like monetary success or middle-class status through legitimate status. Among the classic strain theorists the best known is Robert K. Merton. Merton rejected the notion still popular at the time of his writing that deviant motivations were rooted in the biology or psychology of the†¦show more content†¦These individuals are then compelled to outside of the norms in their effort to achieve the culturally defined desired ends. In other words, prevented by lack of skills, education, lower social status, or even discrimination from achieving the socially defined goals such as tangible material success, these individuals are pressured into crime which emerges as the only way to achieve those goals. In other words, Merton theorized the that the absence of a rigid class structure in the U.S., and the compellingly widespread belief that all Americans, regardless of their present status in life, had the opportunity to amass material worth, coupled with the dominant aspirational reference of wealth, put incredible pressure (strain) on those who encountered real barriers as they moved towards those universal goals to find some way even if it was illegal or deviant to obtain what they were led to believe were the important goals. On the other hand, a poor person in a society which had rigid class structures would not feel the same pressure to commit illegal acts since he would an aspirational reference more suitable to his current stature. In their work, Delinquency and Opportunity, Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin drew on strain theory and Cohen’s subculture theory to help explain the development of delinquent subcultures. Cloward Ohlin argued that deviance ordinarily repres ents a search for solutions to problems of

Abortion Essay examples - 3801 Words

Abortion Abortion has been an issue since 1820. In the beginning the problem was more about protecting doctors who have licenses. â€Å"Regular doctors thus had an incentive to ban abortion as part of an effort to drive irregular doctors many of whom were women out of business† (Straggenborg, p.211). The AMA (American Medical Association), which was the group that the regular doctors made, started a campaign that made the people believe that the white population was getting smaller and the population of the immigrants was rising. Abortions were made illegal to insure the stability of the population of American citizens. It seems odd that the only reason that abortions were made illegal at one point was because of money issues and a lust†¦show more content†¦As well if it were to be illegal, looking at the past history we can almost be sure that women would still go out and have abortions. Though, these abotions would not be safe and would most probably be costly. If aborti ons were legal then the question at hand is then who has the â€Å"personhood† rights, or atleast who has more rights. Does the unborn child, if you consider it a child at not even 3 months, have more rights than the woman carrying the baby? Does the father have a decision if this child should be born or not? When looking into this matter one must first extinguish at what point is it a baby with his or her own rights. Does he or she from the moment of conceptionhave rights when he or she is merely in the stage of splitting into different cells? These are all important issues, that lead into one big question of whether or not the women should be allowed to have an abortion even at any cost. No matter what stage in the pregnancy . . . no matter what the reason behind her decision . . . is it essentially the women’s full choice? These issues are discussed among many different groups of people. There are a vast number of pro-choice organizations out there that speak on behalf of the women involved in abortions. They speak on behalf of the rights of the women who chooses to carry the child, or who chooses to give it up for adoption, or who raise it themselves. Especially children, it seems to be a fact that, â€Å"Each year, one millionShow MoreRelatedAbortion : Abortion And Abortion998 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion Abortion is defined in several ways all of which stop a pregnancy. There are different ways of abortion, which are spontaneous abortion, surgical abortion, and medical abortion. Abortion has been arguable topic for decades. One can neither believe abortion to be good nor bad. The idea of individuality and human life is not quite the same. Idea of human life has come from conception; simultaneously on the other hand, fertilizer eggs used for in vitro fertilization are also human lives butRead MoreAbortion : Abortion And Abortion Essay921 Words   |  4 PagesPaper: Abortion Laws The topic of abortion is a widely debated and very heated topic in Texas. The Republican party’s platform supports family values and are completely against abortion under any circumstances, including abortifacients. The Democrat party’s platform supports the rights for women to make choices about their own bodies. They support abortifacients and a person’s right to have an abortion. There is also a large percentage of those that are in the middle in that they believe abortion shouldRead MoreAbortion, The, And Abortion998 Words   |  4 PagesIn the United States there are more than a billion abortions performed each year. Since the court case Roe vs Wade in 1973 more than 56 million babies have been murdered in the United States before they had the chance to take their first breath (Snyder, Michael). These statics along with many more show the huge injustice that is happening in the country I call home. Abortion is defined as the removal of an embryo or fetus from the uterus in order to end a pregnancy. It can include any of variousRead MoreAbortion : Abortion And Anti Abortion1624 Words   |  7 Pagesa very large controversy between the ideas about abortion and anti-abortion. Different religious views, beliefs, peoples many different customs and even people of different cultures all have their own preferences and ideas on the take of this political issue. Views against abortion can lead to as much of an impact as a violent/non violent riots outside of an abortion clinics, to something as simple article in the newspaper. The belief on abortion that leads to a lot of the controversy is that inRead MoreAbortion, The, And Abortion Essay1656 Words   |  7 Pages An abortion is when the pregnancy of a women is ended; it is called sometimes Termination of pregnancy. There are two types of abortion. The first type is the spontaneous abortion; it occurs within the first two months. What causes it is frequently unknown yet is probably the results of intra-uterine contamination, or limited attachment in the building unborn child to the interior coating walls in the womb (uterus). Such conditions this unborn child, if the idea advances further, mayRead MoreAbortion, The, And Abortion953 Words   |  4 Pagesdebates that is constantly talked about is abortion. When it comes to abortion, the laws vary depending on the state you live in. Whether people support or are against abortion, few actually know about the abortion process. Have you ever heard of suction aspiration or prostaglandin chemical abortion? Those are two of the various methods that are performed in the different trimesters of pregnancy. According to writer Steven Ertelt of Li feNews.com, Oklahoma’s abortion laws are restrictive compared to otherRead MoreAbortion : Abortion And Abortion1930 Words   |  8 PagesAbortion has been around for quite some time. Laws have been set allowing it and banning it during different periods of time. The procedures that can be done are all very different. There is a medical abortion involving drugs and there are surgical abortion involving a more invasive procedure. There are also different points of view on it. There are those who fully support the termination of a pregnancy and those who are completely against it. There are many factors to consider and very differentRead MoreAbortion : The Fight For Abortion1543 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough abortion was decriminalized in 1973, the fight for abortion rights did not end with Roe v. Wade. Just in the past three years, there have been systematic restrictions on abortion rights sweeping the country sate by state. In 2013, 22 states enacted 70 antiabortion meas ures, including pre-viability abortion bans, unnecessary doctor and clinic procedures, limits on medicated abortion, and bans on insurance coverage of abortion In 2011, 92 abortion restrictions were enacted, an in 2012, thatRead MoreAbortion : The Issue Of Abortion1212 Words   |  5 PagesThe topic of abortion has been an ongoing debate for many years. According to ProChoice.org, abortion was legal in in the days of the early settlers. At the time that the constitution was adopted abortions were legal. Abortions were openly advertised and performed before the first fetal movement (13-16 weeks from the start of a women’s last period). The concern for abortion started in the late 1800’s when immigrants were coming into the country in large numbers and the fear was that they would produceRead MoreIs Abortion Wrong? Abortion?1321 Words   |  6 PagesIs Abortion Wrong? There continues to be a hot debate on abortion. Some people feel that this issue is neither right nor wrong, just simply a â€Å"to each his own† idiom. Those who are for abortion, tend to believe a woman has a right to decide what goes in her body and if she is capable of bringing life into this world. On the other side, there is an equal fervent opposition that killing an innocent unborn baby is wrong and unjustly, murder in the first degree of a helpless baby. Not only are they

Analysis of Home Safety of the Elderly Living in City and Rural Areas Free Essays

string(75) " frequency with which they report that they support a political candidate\." Analysis of Home Safety of the Elderly Living in City and Rural Areas 1. Absract Physiological changes and chronic diseases arising during aging process increase risk of accident of the elderly, especially the elderly living alone at their homes. Home accidents are the most commonly health problem in the elderly. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Home Safety of the Elderly Living in City and Rural Areas or any similar topic only for you Order Now This study was carried out to describe home safety of the elderly living in a city or rural area using a home safety checklist. 512 living in Turkey (330 in city; 182 in rural area) were evaluated via face-to-face interview using a home safety checklist during a period between December and March in 2007. In addition to sociodemographics, a questionnaire including home characteristics and life style of participants was applied. To describe home safety level, Home Safety Checklist was used. 2-Introduction Aging, which is a part of life and a nonrecoverable process. Developments in the field of tecnology,health and nutrition increasing life expectancy in the general population has led to an increased incidence of elderly population. Especially in industrialized countries, this increase is faster. The increase in elderly population by bringing with it social problems, particularly affecting the family structure of the elderly living alone is cause Depending on the time during the aging process in human organism, physical, physiological and psychological changes are emerging. Decrease with aging occur in the physical abilities, to continue their activities of daily living and home-related poses an obstacle to the execution of work. Physiological changes and the age of progress emerged due to chronic diseases, especially those living alone at home often face with the risk of accidents . An important part of the problems faced by the elderly home accidents constituted. Physiological changes and dementia as well as some chronic diseases, norooftalmalojik findings, progressive hearing loss, posture, balance and gait disturbances and sensory changes, has led to increased risk of accidents. The elderly, the most important preventive safety applications, one of the age-related physiological deficiency in developing corrective to troubleshoot instruments (hearing aid, glasses, etc.. ) Usage as a domestic accident may lead to removal of conditions must be determined. Therefore, in recent years in elderly home safety and home safety inspection and control increased the importance of the list. In this context, is widely used in the field of health inspection and control lists, and application tools are the most important ergonomic evaluation. 3-Explict Statemnet Of The Study Objective Including Operational Definition: This study used a home safety check list and the elderly living at home in our country, the security situation in the house and emerged with aging in terms of accident risks in order to examine the status of housing are planned. Sample Groups: Sample 1:The elderly who is living in the city Sample 2:The elderly who is living in the rural areas Variables: Age This variables;the elderly who is living in the city Gender and the rural areas used to investigate the Education demograhic datas. Marriage Status Occupational Status House type This variables; the elderly who is living in the city Private roomsand the rural areas was used to examine the status of Domestic Availabilitytheir home. Satisfaction: Financial Status: Living Arrengement: This variables;the elderly who is living in the city and the Leisure Activities rural areas was used to examine the their life style. Security Score p: is degree of freedom: In statistics, the number of degrees of freedom is the number of values in the final calculation of a statistic that are free to vary 4-Methodology Section: This descriptive type of study,we selected 512 elder people with random sampling method. 30 of 512 elder person which we select in the city and 182 of 512 which we collect in the rurely areas among december to march 2007 in 7 geographical regions of Turkey in Denizli, Izmir, Ayd? n, Antalya, Mersin, Ankara, Konya, Istanbul, Diyarbakir, Trabzon, Sinop and Zonguldak provinces. In collection of data, as well as demographic information, household status and forms of life questionnaire stating where questions were administered. To determine the level of home security developed by the National Security Council, consisting of 65 questions, Home Security Checklist is used. National Security Council, the score at 1-7 in the perfect home for safety aspects, between 8-14 scores well; 15 and on the scores were assessed as dangerous. A questionnaire containing sociodemographic and National Security Council with the elderly living at home with the method to be verbatim comments will be reviewed their homes Pamukkale University School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation was completed by senior students. Chi-square test was used for evaluating data. 5-Data Analysis Section Pearson’s chi-square (? ) test is the best-known of several chi square test – statistical procedures whose results are evaluated by reference to the chi square distrubition. Its properties were first investigated by Karl Pearson. In contexts where it is important to make a distinction between the test statistic and its distribution, names similar to Pearson ? -squared test or statistic are used. It tests a null hypothesis stating that the frequency distrubition of certain ev ents observed in a sample is consistent with a particular theoretical distribution. The events considered must be mutually exclusive and have total probability 1. A common case for this is where the events each cover an outcome of a categorial variable. A simple example is the hypothesis that an ordinary six-sided dia is â€Å"fair†, i. e. , all six outcomes are equally likely to occur. Pearson’s chi-square is the original and most widely-used chi-square test. Definition Pearson’s chi-square is used to assess two types of comparison: tests of goodness of fit and tests of independence. A test of goodness of fit establishes whether or not an observed frequency distrubition differs from a theoretical distribution. A test of independence assesses whether paired observations on two variables, expressed in a contingency tables, are independent of each other – for example, whether people from different regions differ in the frequency with which they report that they support a political candidate. You read "Analysis of Home Safety of the Elderly Living in City and Rural Areas" in category "Papers" The first step in the chi-square test is to calculate the chi-square statistics. In order to avoid ambiguity, the value of the test-statistic is denoted by X2 rather than ? 2: this also serves as a reminder that the distribution of the test statistic is not exactly that of a chi-square random variable. However some authors do use the ? 2 notation for the test statistic. An exact test which does not rely on using the approximate ? 2 distribution is Fisher’s exact test ,this is significantly more accurate in evaluating the significance level of the test, especially with small numbers of observation. The chi-square statistic is calculated by finding the difference between each observed and theoretical frequency for each possible outcome, squaring them, dividing each by the theoretical frequency, and taking the sum of the results. A second important part of determining the test statistic is to define the degrees of freedom of the test: this is essentially the number of observed frequencies adjusted for the effect of using some of those observations to define the â€Å"theoretical frequencies†. Results: 11. 2% of the elderly living in the city , 14. 4% of the elderly living in rural areas whose age is 80 and over age in the range TABLE 1:Examination of demografic data for elderly people living in the city and in rural areas Variables | CITY | RURAL | | | | | |Age | | | |65-69 age | | | |70-79 age | | | |; 80 age | | | | | | | |Gender | | | | | n % | n % | | | | | | |171 51. 8 |78 42. 8 | | |122 36. 9 |78 42. | | |37 11. 2 |26 14. 3 | |Woman | 189 57. 3 |107 58. 8 | |Man |141 42. 7 |45 41. 2 | |EDUCATION | | | |Literacy does not know | 19. 1 19. 1 |61 33. | |Literate | | | |Primary School |37. 3 37. 3 |82 45. 1 | | |10. 3 10. 3 |9 4. 9 | |  Middle School |16. 7 16. 7 |16 8. 8 | | | | | |High school |9. 1 9. 1 |9 4. | |University |7. 6 7. 6 |5 2. 7 | |Marriage Status | | | |Single | 43 13 |18 9. 9 | |Married |249 75. 5 |150 82. 4 | | |38 11. 5 |14 7. | |  Divorced | | | |Occupational Status | | | | | | | |  Works |294 89 |154 84. 6 | | |36 11 |28 15. 4 | |Not working / Retired | | | TABLE 2: An analysis of the homes of elderly living in rural areas and in the city Variables | CITY | RURAL | | | | | | | |House type | | | | | | n % | n % | p | | | | | | |Detached | 128 36. 8 | 157 96. 3 | | | | | | | |  Apartment |202 61. 2 |25 13. 7 |0. 001 | | | | | | |Private rooms | | | | |Yes | 211 63. 9 |98 53. 8 | | |No |41 12. 4 |46 25. 3 | | |Have shared |78 33. 9 |38 20. 9 |0. 001 | |Domestic availability | | | | |Good | 218 66. 1 |106 58. | | |Bad |112 33. 9 |76 42. 7 |0. 05 | |Satisfaction | | | | |Satisfied | 233 71 |107 58. 8 | | | | | | | |  Not satisfied |97 29. 4 |75 41. 2 |0. 07 | | | | | | |Financial Situation | | | | |Self-sufficie nt | 257 77. 9 |109 59. 9 | | | | | | | |  Children looking |56 17 |52 28. 6 |0. 0001 | | |17 5. 1 |1 11. 5 | | |  Relatives looking | | | | Table 3 The examination of the life style of elderly living in rural areas and in the city |Variables | CITY | RURAL | | | | | | | |Living arrangement | | | | | | | | | |  Single | | | | | | | | |  With his wife | | | | | | | | | |  With relatives | | | | |Leisure activities | | | | | | n % | n % | p | | | | | | | | | | | | |59 17. 9 |30 16. 5 | | | | | |0. 5 | | |196 59. 4 |112 61. 5 | | | |75 22. 7 |40 22 | | | | | | | |  Participation is | 130 39. 4 | 48 26. 4 | | | |200 60. 6 |134 73. 4 |0. 03 | |  Accession No | | | | | | | | | |Security score | | | | |Excellent | 7 2. 1 | 0. 5 | | |  Ã‚  Well |76 23. 0 |27 14. 8 |0. 027 | |  Bad |247 74. 9 |154 84. 6 | | The information about situation of old peoples houses are presented in Table 2. About %59,4 percent of old people living in cities, and %61,5 percent of old people living in rural areas stated that they live with their husbands/wifes together. When results of Home Security and Control list are inspected; mean number of old people living in cities is 20. 61 ±8. 18, while mean number of old people living in rural areas is 25,16 ±9,59. About %74,9 percentage of houses of people living in cities are detected bad in security criterion, %23 are considered good and %2,1 are perfect. In rural areas however, %84,6 are detected bad, %14,8 are good and %0,5 are perfect. (Table 3) Debate: Every year, many old people get injured by an accident in their own houses, or near it. Most of injuries are caused by preventable dangers. Using house security and control list with regular periods, gives chance to value condition again, which leads possibility to make those dangers and risks obsolote. In our study, old people living in city and rural areas are found similiar by means of age and gender. This result shows that,HSCL results are not affected this two factors. Educational status of these two groups were examined, the higher the educational level of those living in cities and thus are better home security scores were observed. In our study, 86. 3% of those living in rural areas’ reputation continued living in their houses   and 53. 8%of living in rural areas whose have a special room ,we have been identified. Proportion of people living in houses in the city (38. 8%) lower than those living in rural areas, although the cities have the people in the private room rate is higher (69. 9%). We think that it is significant to consider this situation, while arranging house by means of security. According to home safety checklist,reaching domestic usability for both elderly groups have similiar charecteristics,the average score was not effective on. However, a higher proportion of elderly living in rural areas in the (41. 2%) stated that they are not satisfied with our home security-related problems that indicate a large size. 40. 1% of those living in rural areas in need of financial support to someone else, in protection from danger at home to prevent the necessary ergonomic regulations is an important financial problem. In our study, we have control in the city (74. 9%) and of the houses in rural areas (84. %) a large proportion of unsafe and risky as to fall hazard was observed. For those living in the city, to live in the apartment, the financial situation is good to be home and satisfied with the condition are important factors in domestic security. For old people li ving in rural areas however, having poor education, living in a private house and being financially dependent raises the security score, and leads danger for security of people. Our results are also compatible with literature The surver used in our study, includes the different characteristics of house and different activities made in house, which allows to evaluate and be prepared against accident risks under each sub-topic. For old people living in rural areas however, having poor education, living in a private house and being financially dependent raises the security score, and leads danger for security of people. Our results are also compatible with literature . The surver used in our study, includes the different characteristics of house and different activities made in house, which allows to evaluate and be prepared against accident risks under each sub-topic. (1,2) %74. 9 percent of people living in cities and %86 percent of people living in rural areas have bad security score, which shows they are unprotected agains various accidents and falls. Those risks are similiar, both for old people living in apartments and private houses. Of each chapter house in terms of accident risk assessment and risk profile will reveal its relation with problems which occur with aging also are thought to be investigated. Moreover, determining the injury accident record form is important for audit and control systems. In light of all these records and data will be at home with ergonomic regulations reduce the risk of accidents increasing aging, the elderly and more healthy life with a higher level of quality of life can continue to take appropriate measures are required. 6-Ethical Consideration and Limitations: While we are doing a research on the elderly to learn their life,we respect their private life. So, we take care of shouldn’t be revealed their names and other personel information. 7-Research Results and Recommendations: In line with the results of our study, home security, the importance of quality of life is emphasized once again. Ergonomic and architectural creation of suitable habitat many risk eliminating the factors, will reduce the risk of injury. In this context, the health staff by producing a joint project with the architects of the houses in the community who live a healthy life, suitable for all individuals, especially the elderly are thought to be present. Also in this issue of local government, civil society organizations and government to develop policies and strategic plans are required. 8-Reference: www. korhek. org http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Pearson’s_chi-square_test How to cite Analysis of Home Safety of the Elderly Living in City and Rural Areas, Papers

Limitations of the Project Effort and Planning

Question: Discuss about theLimitations of the Project for Effort and Planning. Answer: Limitations: During the research project, it has been realized that a lot of time, effort and planning is required in order to design and analyze data that have to be gathered from varied sources. Apart from this, a great deal of fieldwork is required to prepare the questionnaire data as well as to save the expenditure of the project by not hiring external parties for interview sessions. Concerning all these, there are some limitations that the researches have faced. Chief among them all is the limitation of time since we had to focus on various aspects of the caf and had to consider the business strategies of FB industry as a whole in a limited period. Although the researchers believe that their collection of data and interview have enquired into all potential details some more time would have improved their qualitative research as they would have been able to prepare a deeper questionnaire covering many other aspects that might have been left out here (Merriam and Tisdell 2015). Overall, the st udy could have been more detailed by concentrating on restaurant industry of Singapore at large in a greater span. In fact, the researchers had tried their best to encompass the innumerable characteristics of the FB industry but the financial limitation became a great factor of hindrance (Rudestam and Newton 2014). Indeed, we needed more amount of money to be invested in the project and also it was not possible for us to give away the hard earned financial incentives for the sake of the research study. The financial inadequacy might have affected the primary data collection by limiting the size of sample collected although the sample provided in this project is believed to be sufficient by the researchers (Wilson 2014). Besides, the lack of money has narrowed the scope of fieldwork and inspecting the quality of food offered in the other similar caf restaurants like Braseiro. In order to find out the possible measures should be taken by Braseiro to compete with the rapidly changing m arket trends and taste of the consumers it was necessary to conduct an extensive research on presently preferred cuisines, contemporary restaurant interior and premium quality of service. However, unfortunately, both time and capital were insufficient to go through all these; the lack of primary research in these areas may bar the study to provide a complete picture. Due to these inadequacies, it had been compulsory to rely on the secondary data looking at the literature (Field 2015). Although we believe that, the literature section assesses the entire essential points mentioned just above along with the importance of companionship while dining and the arrangement of a proper yet light entertainment that would appropriately accompany the process of having food it too has some certain limitations. In the first place, the secondary data has been unable to refer particularly to the case of Braseiro and therefore, it discusses the specifications of a fine dining restaurant as a whole. S econdly, the secondary data may appear unfashionable to a degree since most part of the literature section dates back 10 years ago or even more (Field 2015); hence, possibility of somewhat discrepancy can be there as the case of Braseiro needed to be analyzed in contemporary light. Nonetheless, the researchers have tried their best to exploit all the resources at their disposal and put forth the most appropriate approach to the given problem. References: Field, T., 2015. The benefits and limitations of quantitative data collection to the literature review data collection. Merriam, S.B. and Tisdell, E.J., 2015.Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. John Wiley Sons. Rudestam, K.E. and Newton, R.R., 2014.Surviving your dissertation: A comprehensive guide to content and process. Sage Publications. Wilson, J., 2014.Essentials of business research: A guide to doing your research project. Sage.